الثلاثاء، 9 سبتمبر 2025

من كتابنا 241، Our Glossary of Qur’ânic Terms، 2025

 


 

Š

Šaqq

To split, tear apart, fall into disputes, oppose one another, fracture unity, or develop enmity. It can also refer to inner conflicts and the 

splitting of personality


Šarr

That which causes harm, whether to oneself or others; the infliction of injury on people’s well-being or potential; bad conduct, evil, sin, and the consequences of demonic influences on human behavior.

 

Šarî3at

The Dîn formulated as a system of divine orders, rulings, and commandments. It is a comprehensive religious and legal framework that guides individuals towards spiritual fulfillment and social welfare. The term also conveys the meaning of "a flowing stream of pure water," signifying that while its core principles remain unchanged, certain details and interpretations may evolve over time. Some aspects of Šarî3at are left to personal discretion, while others fall under the jurisdiction of Uli-l-Amr (those in authority).

 

Šhay’

An entity, event, or occurrence—anything that comes into existence as a result of divine will.

 

Šayân

Satan—a rebellious Jinn granted respite until the appointed time. He is mankind’s declared enemy and the originator of a system based on satanic attributes and actions. These include disorder, Širk, disbelief, rejecting Qur’ânic guidance, anarchy, injustice, corruption, straying egos, immoral desires, rebelliousness against divine injunctions, deceit, arrogance, and efforts to distance humans from their Rabb. In summary, Šayân seeks to undermine the divine system ordained by Al-Ramân.

 

Širk

The act of attributing divine attributes, names, qualities, actions, or authority to anything other than God. It leads to a divided personality, as every aspect of human nature is inherently aligned with divine servitude, while personal inclinations may contradict this. Širk is not limited to idol worship but extends to blind adherence to false values, ideologies, materialism, and power.

Forms of Širk include:

  • Associating others with God.
  • Accepting human authority parallel to divine revelation.
  • Sectarianism.
  • Worshiping idols, forces of nature, or human figures.
  • Following religious traditions blindly without discernment.
  • Accepting man-made laws as divine.

 

Mušrik

An idolater or one who ascribes divinity to others besides God. This includes:

  • Those who prefer human-made doctrines over divine guidance.
  • Blind followers of religious practices without scrutiny.
  • Those who treat scholars, saints, or leaders as sources of absolute authority.
  • Anyone who imposes laws claiming divine legitimacy without Qur’ânic basis.

 

adî

A statement, discourse, or speech; one of the names of the Qur’ân.

 

Al-âqqat

The Inevitable Reality, the Absolute Truth, the event that lays bare the essence of all things. It is an incontestable occurrence beyond human perception, anticipation, or imagination.

 

âfi (plural: âfiîn)

A protector, preserver, guardian, or keeper; one who maintains and safeguards something, including knowledge, records, or individuals.

 

amd

A comprehensive attribute encompassing all praiseworthy, influential, effective, and beautiful qualities. It signifies all forms of gratitude, appreciation, and recognition of excellence, as well as the source of all goodness.

 

arram

To declare something sacred, forbidden, or inviolable.

 

Muarram

Sacred, forbidden, inviolable.

 

uzn

Deep-seated grief, sorrow, or regret; an intrinsic state of unhappiness or distress.

 

asanât

Good deeds; actions that benefit others and align with divine commands, moral excellence, and the system of Islamic ethics.

Righteous deeds or virtuous acts that earn divine reward. The term encompasses acts of worship, charity, justice, kindness, and every form of conduct that aligns with divine law and moral excellence.

Theological Significance:
In Islâm, asanât represent the positive weight of good actions recorded for a believer, forming a counterbalance to sayyi’ât (bad deeds). They embody the principle of divine justice and mercy, wherein even small acts of goodness can be multiplied in reward.

Implication for Believers:
Striving for asanât shapes the moral and spiritual orientation of a Muslim’s life. It emphasizes continuous engagement in good deeds, conscious intention (niyya), and cultivating virtue in both private and public spheres, with the awareness that every act can carry eternal significance.

 

araj

Guilt, blame, burden, sin, constraint, difficulty, doubt, hardship, or a feeling of tightness in the chest due to distress.

 

ikmat

Wisdom, sound judgment, governance, concise knowledge, and fundamental truths. It refers to a compact form of knowledge that has the potential to be further detailed or viewed from multiple perspectives. It also denotes fruitful conduct, proper behavior, and effective decision-making.

ukm

Judgment, wisdom, ruling, sovereignty, legislation, authority, decision, and control.

ukm (in relation to a person)

The ability to judge correctly, comprehend fundamental and universal principles, issue fair verdicts, express knowledge concisely, and possess sharp intellectual faculties.

 

izb (plural: Azâb)

A group or party united by shared beliefs, ideals, or objectives. It refers to people aligned for a common purpose, often in an organized or ideological manner.

 

ûr

Exquisite beings of unparalleled beauty, beyond human perception in this worldly life. Described as having strikingly beautiful eyes, they are envisioned as pure, modest, and delightful companions.

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